Reproduction and fecundity of invader of internal insemination Trachelyopterus galeatus in a Neotropical floodplain

After the formation of Itaipu Reservoir, the invader Trachelyopterus galeatus colonized the upper Paraná River. Light microscopy was used to describe gametogenesis and the reproductive phases of females and males. The following data were verified: diameter of the oocytes, spawning type, batch fecundity by ovary weight, standard length, and total weight of the fish, along with the regions where this species reproduced in the upper Paraná River floodplain. A total of 470 specimens were collected quarterly in 2016, 2018 and 2019, and bimonthly in 2017. The gonads were fixed in a Karnovsky solution, dehydrated, infiltrated, and embedded in historesin. The histological slides were stained using PAS + iron hematoxylin + metanil yellow, analyzed and photographed under an image-capturing microscope. As regards diameter of the oocytes and fecundity estimates, ovaries whose oocytes were measured under a stereomicroscope were sampled. In the oogenesis, undifferentiated and differentiated oogonia, early primary growth oocytes, secondary growth oocytes, full-grown oocytes and maturing oocytes were recorded. In the spermatogenesis, primary and secondary spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa were recorded. The reproductive phases found for females and males were: immature, early development, late development, spawning/sperm-releasing capable, regression, and regeneration. Trachelyopterus galeatus prefers to occupy and reproduce in the Ventura, Patos, Guaraná, Fechada, Garças, and Pau Véio lagoons. The diameter of the oocytes varied from 0.4 to 2.9 mm. Females spawn, on average, 113 oocytes per batch. Batch fecundity variation shows that the larger the ovary, standard length, and total weight, the larger the number of oocytes to be spawned. This invader possesses reproductive success in the upper Paraná River floodplain, especially in lagoons.

Otolith morphometry provides length and weight predictions and insights about capture sites of Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)

Here we choose the sábalo Prochilodus lineatus, to answer the following questions: How the otolith length and weight are correlated to fish measurements (length and weight)? How reliable are the otoliths measurements to predict the length and age of P. lineatus? Finally, we propose predictive equations of the length and weight of the fish using length and weight of the otolith. The otoliths were sampled from individuals collected in the Upper Paraná River floodplain during 2012 and 2013 years. The relationships among the otolith measurements and both length and weight of the fish were performed using linear regressions. To test whether the length and weight of the otolith differ between the sampled sites, Variance Analysis was performed. Finally, we made analysis of Kruskal-Wallis to verify if the measurements obtained through the otoliths could be used to distinguish the age of the fish. We demonstrate that the length and weight of the otolith are good proxies to predict the length and weight of the fish. Although some ages were statistically different, this result does not support the idea that the age of the fish can be accurately inferred only using otolith measures.(AU)

Neste trabalho o curimba Prochilodus lineatus foi utilizado para responder as seguintes questões: Como o comprimento e o peso dos otólitos são correlacionados com o comprimento e o peso do peixe? Até que ponto as medidas dos otólitos são confiáveis para predizer a idade do P. lineatus? Finalmente, nós propomos equações preditivas do comprimento e peso do peixe utilizando o comprimento e o peso do otólito. Os otólitos foram amostrados de indivíduos coletados na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná durante os anos de 2012 e 2013. As relações entre as medidas dos otólitos e o peso e comprimento do peixe foram verificadas utilizando regressões lineares. Para testar se o comprimento e o peso do otólito diferem entre locais foram utilizadas Análises de Variância e para testar se as medidas dos otólitos são suficientes para distinguir as idades foram utilizados testes de Kruskal-Wallis. Nós demonstramos que o comprimento e o peso do otólito são bons preditores do comprimento e peso do peixe. Embora algumas idades foram estatisticamente diferentes entre as medidas dos otólitos, esse resultado não suporta a ideia de que a idade do peixe pode ser inferida de forma acurada somente utilizando as medidas dos otólitos.(AU)

Ovarian histology and fecundity in the evaluation of the reproduction of the invasive species Serrasalmus marginatus (Characidae) on a neotropical floodplain / Histologia ovariana e fecundidade na avaliação da reprodução da espécie invasora Serrasalmus marginatus (Characidae) em uma planície de inundação neotropical

The construction of the Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant in 1982 led to the formation of a reservoir, which, in turn, leveled the waters of the Paraná River by flooding the geographic barrier Salto de Sete Quedas. This allowed the piranha Serrasalmus marginatus to invade and colonize the upper Paraná River. This study aimed to: i) confirm, through light microscopy, the reproductive phases of S. marginatus females; ii) estimate fecundity and iii) evaluate the reproduction areas of the population. A total of 764 females were collected from nine sampling sites on the upper Paraná River floodplain. Microscopic analysis of the ovaries showed the following phases: early developing subphase, developing phase, spawning capable phase, actively spawning subphase, regressing phase and regenerating phase. The frequency distribution of the oocytes shows that spawning is fractional and fecundity indeterminate. Fecundity varied from 410 to 752 oocytes (mean = 584). The continual spawning of oocytes during the long reproductive period, as well as the aggressiveness of the species as regards the defense of its offspring, guarantees more descendants in the Patos, Ventura, Fechada, Guaraná and Garças lagoons and Ivinheima and Baia rivers of the upper Paraná River floodplain.

A construção da Usina Hidroelétrica de Itaipu, em 1982, levou a formação do reservatório que por sua vez nivelou as águas do rio Paraná inundando a barreira geográfica do salto de Sete Quedas. Isto permitiu que a piranha Serrasalmus marginatus invadisse e colonizasse o alto rio Paraná. Este estudo teve por objetivos: i) confirmar através da microscopia de luz as fases reprodutivas das fêmeas de S. marginatus; ii) estimar a fecundidade e iii) avaliar as áreas de reprodução da população. Um total de 764 fêmeas foram amostrados em nove estações de amostragem na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. A análise microscópica dos ovários mostrou fêmeas nas subfases em desenvolvimento inicial, fase desenvolvimento, fase apto à desova, subfase desova ativa, fase regressão e fase regeneração. A distribuição de frequência dos oócitos mostra que a desova é parcelada e a fecundidade é indeterminada. A fecundidade variou de 410 a 752 e em média 584 oócitos. A desova contínua durante o longo período reprodutivo associado à agressividade em relação à defesa da prole garante o sucesso em deixar mais descendentes nas lagoas dos Patos, Ventura, Fechada, do Guaraná, das Garças, nos rios Ivinheima e Baia da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná.